NP versus coNP
Whenever yes answers have short efficiently checkable certificates, must no answers have them too?
Which statements have short proofs, and how do proof methods compare?
Subjects: Proof complexity
Whenever yes answers have short efficiently checkable certificates, must no answers have them too?
Can one exhibit propositional truths whose proofs must be superpolynomially long even in a flexible standard deductive system?
Can one efficiently checkable proof system match every other system’s proof lengths within a polynomial factor?