Intra-Golgi transport
The Golgi modifies cargo as it moves through the organelle. How is that traffic coordinated with the recycling of its resident proteins?
Inside cells
Molecular traffic, cell machinery, patterned shells and signals between cells.
Subjects: Molecular and cell biology · Cell transport
Problems in this collection
14 problemsBulky cargo export from the ER
Some cargo is too large for a conventional small transport vesicle. How does it leave the endoplasmic reticulum?
Nuclear pore selectivity
Nuclear pores admit some molecules and exclude others. How does their dynamic central barrier adjust to the cargo passing through?
Biomolecular condensate function
Cells concentrate molecules in membraneless compartments. What makes their changing composition and material behavior useful for particular tasks?
Granulophagy
Most stress granules disperse when stress ends. How does autophagy recognize and remove the granules that persist?
Mitotic spindle self-organization
Spindles organize filaments to separate chromosomes. How do chromosome-attached bundles integrate with the spindle’s collective organization?
Co-translational membrane-protein folding
How do α-helical membrane proteins fold while they are made, as sequence, synthesis and the surrounding membrane determine their route?
Nitrogenase catalytic mechanism
Nitrogenase converts nitrogen gas into ammonia that life can use. Which atomic reaction pathway accounts for its observed chemistry?
Spore hydration
Dormant bacterial spores take up water as they restart. Does GerAB provide a water route in Bacillus subtilis?
Paulinella protein import
A Paulinella amoeba carries a photosynthetic compartment descended from a bacterium. It makes essential proteins outside that compartment—how do those proteins cross its inner membrane to work inside?
Outer membrane vesicle cargo selection
A bacterium releases membrane bubbles whose protein contents differ from its own envelope. What determines which proteins leave in those bubbles and which stay behind?
Diatom silica pore morphogenesis
A diatom builds a glass-like shell pierced by patterned pores. How do proteins outside its silica-making compartment control the holes formed inside?
Agaricus somatic incompatibility
Two button-mushroom colonies can meet and form a zone of dead cells. Which recognition products make their shared cytoplasm incompatible?
Pyrocystis bioluminescence mechanosensing
A single Pyrocystis lunula cell can flash when pushed or deformed. Which molecular sensor turns that physical change into the first signal for light?