Reading and mathematics

How reading and arithmetic develop, and why persistent learning difficulties arise.

Reading and numbers

Persistent reading and arithmetic difficulties raise different questions about learning and development.

2 problems

A few problems to explore

2 total

Developmental dyslexia

Reading difficulty can involve language, sound–symbol learning, and reading circuits. How these factors interact over development remains unsettled.

Developmental dyscalculia

Persistent arithmetic difficulty can involve numbers, memory, strategy execution and strategy selection. Their developmental causal relationship remains incomplete.

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